Distillation
Distillation: This principle is based on evaporating and condensing fluids. Flowers, spices, leaves,branches, roots and mos are boiled in water. (this is done in an distillation kettle) Through boiling the etheric oil vaporises, and if the water is cooled down you can see the oil floating on the water. Then you collect this oil. By repeating this action you get a more concentrated oil. From the ninth century this process has been improved by steam distillation. This means that the steam condensed by means of narrow pipes. (the pipes ran through cold water)The former distillation machines were placed on stones and did there work thanks to a fire, that somebody watched closely. Thanks to progress in technique the distillation kettle is nowadays driven by itself by a very light pressure of the steam, which is frequently produced outside the machine Extraction Extration also called extraheren. This takes place in large stainless steel barrels in which perforated plates have been piled up. This way the flowers are flattened or piled up, in such a manner that the solvent (ether) can circulate freely. After the plants are put in the barrel,the solvents are added by means of a valve, and the next step is macereren. The plants are several times rinsed in a solvent, this differs by each plantspecie and what kind of solvent is used. When the solvent is replete with the fragrance substances, the damp that is too much is removed. Then it goes to a vacuum slide where a partial distillation takes place, afterevaporating the residue is reinserted. On the bottom remains a mass which contains fragrance molecules, wax and pigments. This mixture is called resinous and orginates from dry plants, and is called concrete if it comes of flowers. Resin is used directly in compositions but concrete undergoes another treatment. Concrete of flowers is a thick substance with paraffin, it is insolvable in alcohol. It is several times rinsed in flattmachines with alcohol to solve the fragrance molecules. The wax is filtered before the mixture of concrete and alcohol is distillate with light pressure, when the alcohol is vaporated what remains is the absolu.
Productionprocesses
Expression Expression of cold persing: A cold persing is done at citrus fruits where essential oil comes from the peel. The oil is as it were pressed from the peel. This machines are nowadays of course done but in former days with the hand. This method "drawer spugna" had of course a much lower output than the machines of now. Enfleurage Enfleurage: This technique was already used by the old Egypts by imposing oil from leafs off flowers or, to absorb that fragrance. Perfumers could profit of the fact that flowers produce still essential oil also after the take them out of the tree. In the 17th century on large scale the used jasmine in France. Glass plates were rubbed with prepared on this were leafs of flowers laid. It was solved in alcohol to win oil, this metod is hardly still used. Headspace Technology Headspace technology is a technique to elucidate the odor compounds present in the air surrounding various objects Usually the objects of interest are odoriferous objects such as plants, flowers and foods. Similar techniques are also used to analyze the interesting scents of locations and environments such as tea shops and saw mills. After the data is analyzed, the scents can then be recreated by a perfumer.
Productionprocesses
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Productionprocesses
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